Document 0547
 DOCN  M9480547
 TI    Early diagnosis and immunologic changes in HIV-1 infected pregnant women
       and their children.
 DT    9410
 AU    Valente P; Sever JL; Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies,
       NINDS, NIH,; Bethesda, MD 20892.
 SO    Isr J Med Sci. 1994 May-Jun;30(5-6):421-30. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94307928
 AB    The diagnosis of HIV infection in pregnant women is usually based on the
       detection of HIV-specific antibodies. These tests become positive a few
       weeks to months after infection. In the United States, it is recommended
       that tests be offered to all women and encouraged where the rate of
       infection is > or = 1/1,000 or the woman is at increased risk for
       infection. The great majority of infected pregnant women are
       asymptomatic, and questioning patients about risk behavior will identify
       only about one-half of the infected women. In Washington, D.C. about
       1.5% of the pregnant women who reside in the city are HIV positive. The
       diagnosis of HIV in the child in the first month of life is difficult
       and requires the use of polymerase chain reaction tests and/or culture.
       Other tests become positive later. Immunological tests in most
       HIV-infected mothers in the USA are normal; however, about 12% of
       patients are symptomatic and show decreased CD4 T cell counts and 6%
       have AIDS. These patients may have other evidence of decreased T cell
       responses and are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. At
       birth, almost all children of HIV-infected mothers have normal
       immunological findings. However, about 50 of these children become ill
       by 1 year of age and many develop decreased T cell counts and other
       immunological changes.
 DE    Female  Fetal Diseases/*DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY  Human  HIV
       Antibodies/ISOLATION & PURIF  HIV Core Protein p24/ANALYSIS  HIV
       Infections/*DIAGNOSIS/EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY
       *HIV-1/IMMUNOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIF  Infant, Newborn  Male  Polymerase
       Chain Reaction  Pregnancy  Pregnancy Complications,
       Infectious/*DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY  Prenatal Diagnosis  United
       States/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, ACADEMIC

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